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Testing Strategies

  Testing Strategies 1. Importance of Testing Strategies    - Ensures correctness, completeness, and quality of software    - Identifies errors, gaps, and missing requirements    - Helps in reducing and removing errors to improve software quality    - Verifies if software meets specified requirements 2. Testing Techniques and Approaches    - Component-level testing to integration testing    - Different techniques suitable at different stages of testing    - Incremental testing approach for better effectiveness    - Involvement of both developers and independent test groups 3. Distinction between Testing and Debugging    - Testing focuses on finding errors and verifying requirements    - Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors    - Both activities are important but serve different purposes Topic: Benefits of Software Testing 1. Cost-Effectiveness    - Identifying bugs early saves money in the long run    - Fixing issues in the early stages is less expensive 2. Security
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Python - Overview

 Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where as other languages use punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages.

  • Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

  • Python is Interactive − You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to write your programs.

  • Python is Object-Oriented − Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

  • Python is a Beginner's Language − Python is a great language for the beginner-level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.

History of Python

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.

Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting languages.

Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum still holds a vital role in directing its progress.

Python Features

Python's features include −

  • Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.

  • Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.

  • Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.

  • A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

  • Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.

  • Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same interface on all platforms.

  • Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.

  • Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.

  • GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.

  • Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell scripting.

Apart from the above-mentioned features, Python has a big list of good features, few are listed below −

  • It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.

  • It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for building large applications.

  • It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type checking.

  • It supports automatic garbage collection.

  • It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

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